فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال بیستم شماره 2 (پیاپی 71، تابستان 1401)

AbstractThis study aimed to design a model of job empowerment of rural female-headed households under supervision of the Welfare Organization in Tehran province. Statistical population included all rural female-headed households under supervision of the Welfare Organization in Tehran province, comprising 495 women who 216 women were selected. The sampling method was stratified random sampling proportional to the size of towns of Tehran Province which towns were considered as the classes of sampling. A questionnaire designed by researcher was used to collect the data. The results showed that commitment and responsibility, economic factors, technical skills, psychological skills, social factors, creativity and solving problem, communication skills and grouping work, information and special knowledge, and educational factors had the most effects on main structure, respectively. Based on findings, it can be concluded that considered variables for job empowerment in the studied women were reliable and it can be used to investigate of the rural female-headed households under supervision of the Welfare Organization.

Today, entrepreneurship evokes concepts such as innovation, resiliency, creation or restructuring of an economic unit, satisfaction, and independence. Given the importance of opportunities in the entrepreneurial process, this study seeks to identify, prioritize, and the relationship between the drivers that affect the emergence of women's entrepreneurial opportunities. Therefore, this research is applied in terms of goal and descriptive data collection. The statistical population of this study includes female managers of the municipality of District 5 of Tehran, and for data collection, a purposive sampling method was used. The literature review was used to identify the drivers of women's entrepreneurship opportunities. The priority of drivers was calculated with the best-worst method (BWM), and the gray DEMATEL technique (GDEMATEL) was used to determine the cause-and-effect relationships of drivers. After a comprehensive review of the literature, 12 drivers were identified that affected women's entrepreneurial opportunities. Based on the BWM, the driver of individual creativity, entrepreneurial awareness, and self-efficacy felt were the first to third priority. Based on the GDEMATEL, the motivations of the driving forces and personal disobedience were recognized as the most influential drivers in the emergence of women's entrepreneurial opportunities.

Excessive use of smartphones is associated with academic procrastination, depression, anxiety and stress in students; Therefore, examining the relationship between smartphone addiction and procrastination and psychological vulnerability in students is of particular importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to predict depression, anxiety, stress and academic procrastination based on smartphone addiction with emphasis on gender differences in students. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. Using the stratified sampling method, 275 students (120 girls and 155 boys) of the first year high school students in Turkmanchay who were selected in the academic year 1399-1400. Research data were collected using Solomon and Rathblum (1984) Delayed Questionnaire, Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire (2013) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that between smartphone addiction with depression (r = 0.457), anxiety (r = 0.363), stress (r = 0.334) and academic procrastination (0.358) = r) There is a positive and significant relationship (P≥0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that in female students, desire for loneliness and creativity and in male students, desire and loneliness were the strongest predictors of depression, anxiety and stress. Also the strongest predictors of procrastination in female students were loneliness and de-creativity and in post-students loneliness. It can be concluded that addiction to mobile smartphones increases the level of stress and anxiety in students and stress and anxiety caused by addiction to smartphones also increases the level of procrastination among students

AbstractToday, life satisfaction is one of the most important constructs which has important implications for most people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a model of life satisfaction of middle-aged women in Arak city based on the Maslow needs hierarchy. This research was practical and conducted by structural equation modeling (path analysis). Among all middle-aged women in Arak, 408 were selected by non-random sampling method. They all completed health status, financial distress, social support, self-esteem, positive thinking and life satisfaction questioners. Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the variables of health (0.12, 0.15 and 0.38), financial distress (-0.18, -0.36 and -0.11) and social support (0.46, 0.55 and -0.18) had direct and significant effects on self-esteem, positive thinking and life satisfaction, respectively. In addition, the variables of self-esteem (0.14) and positive thinking (0.10) had direct and significant effects on life satisfaction. The results also showed that the three variables of health (0.15), financial distress (-0.10) and social support (0.16) have an indirect and significant effect on life satisfaction of middle-aged women. Therefore, this model can be used to strengthen the life satisfaction of middle-aged women. I t is worth to highlight, the principles of life satisfaction, types of social support, health status, financial distress, self-esteem and positive thinking and effective antecedents could be highlighted in educational, social.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-silencing components in the relationship between self-criticism and rejection sensitivity with the psychological distress of female students. The research sample was 381 female students from the Salman Farsi University of Kazerun who participated in this study virtually by responding to the questionnaire link. This link is a set of items related to the four questionnaires: Levels of self-criticism (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004), Sensitivity to Rejection Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996), Silencing the Self Scale (Jack & Dill, 1992), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The results of the analysis performed using the structural equation modeling in AMOS-22 software showed that the levels of self-criticism and sensitivity to rejection, in addition to direct effects on various aspects of students' psychological distress, also affected the extent of their psychological distresses indirectly by mediating to two components of self-silencing: externalized self-perception and divided-self. The findings of this study especially emphasize the importance of the mediating role of two components of self-silencing (externalized self-perception and divided-self) in the effect of sensitivity to rejection and self-criticism of young girls on their psychological distress.

The purpose of this study was to design and test a structural model of the relationship between spiritual attitudes and symptoms of eating disorders concerning the mediating role of body image concern and self-esteem in young women. Using cluster sampling method, 298 female undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University of Khomeini Shahr were selected as the research sample and responded to the Spiritual Attitude Questionnaire, Body Image Concern Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Eating attitude Test. To test the research model, the structural equation modeling method was used, using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Also, to evaluate the significance of the indirect effects of the model, the bootstrap method was used. Data analysis was performed with SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that the research model has a good fit with the data and all direct and indirect effects of the proposed model are significant. In general, these results support the importance of the role of spiritual attitude in improving various aspects of mental health, especially the symptoms of eating disorders in women.